The ‘head’ along with dmesg will show starting lines i.e. Search with ‘hda’ or ‘hdb’ in the case of IDE hard drive. NOTE: The ‘sda’ first SATA hard drive, ‘sdb’ is the second SATA hard drive and so on. EXT4-fs ( sda8): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. EXT4-fs ( sda7): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. EXT4-fs ( sda5): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. EXT4-fs ( sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. sd 2:0:0:0: Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA To discover which hard disks has been detected by kernel, you can search for the keyword “ sda” along with “ grep” like shown below. Read Also: Manage Linux Files Effectively using commands head, tail and cat 2. ~]# dmesg | less Sample Output Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset As output of dmesg log won’t fit on a single page, using dmesg with pipe more or less command will display logs in a single page. ‘ more‘, ‘ tail‘, ‘ less‘ or ‘ grep‘ with dmesg command. Let’s throw some light on most famous tool called ‘dmesg’ command with their practical examples as discussed below. The dmesg command is available on most Linux and Unix based Operating System. When we connect or disconnect hardware device on the system, with the help of dmesg command we come to know detected or disconnected information on the fly. The messages are very important in terms of diagnosing purpose in case of device failure. Read Also: 10 Linux Commands to Collect System and Hardware Information dmesg Command Examples During that period number of messages are being displayed where we can see hardware devices detected by kernel. When computer boots up, a kernel (core of an operating system) is loaded into memory. A system passes multiple runlevel from where we can get lot of information like system architecture, cpu, attached device, RAM etc. The ‘ dmesg‘ command displays the messages from the kernel ring buffer.
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